First, the Facts

• The penis is the major male reproductive organ. It also forms part of the male urinary tract system since it contains the urethra, which not only carries sperm outside the body, but also conducts urine from the bladder.
• The penis is made of three major parts: the base, shaft and glans. The base and glans form the portions closest and furthest away from the body, respectively. The shaft forms the main body of the penis.
• The base attaches the penis to the body via the bony pelvis.
• The shaft consists of the corpora cavernosa, the corpus spongiosum, and a sturdy layer of fat and skin.
• The corpora cavernosa are paired cylinders of erectile tissue and provide the erectile properties of the penis. They are made of a spongey tissue with a lattice-like structure that is able to fill with blood to produce an erection.
• The corpus spongiosum is close to the surface of the penis and encloses the urethra. It also consists of a sponge-like tissue and, when filled with blood during an erection, helps to keep the urethra open.
• The glans is found at the tip of the penis and, in uncircumcized men, is covered by the foreskin.

Penis Problems

There are a large number of conditions that can affect the penis, and it is surprising how many myths and misconceptions surround penis health. All men should be aware of their penis’ health and understand what is and isn’t normal. They should also know that as medical professionals, doctors are used to seeing the human body and that there is no need for embarrassment.

Anatomy

First published on embarrassingproblems.com
Reviewed and edited by Matt Brewer
Last updated: July 2025 by Matt Brewer